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Background/Aims@#This study aimed to develop a rehabilitation program for musculoskeletal pain experienced by gastrointestinal endoscopists and to investigate its usefulness. @*Methods@#This was a multicenter cohort study. During the first 2 weeks, a questionnaire regarding daily workload and musculoskeletal symptoms was administered. Then, a rehabilitation program including equipment/posture correction and stretching was conducted during the remaining 6 weeks. Follow-up daily workload and musculoskeletal symptom surveys were distributed during the last 2 weeks. The program satisfaction survey was performed at the 6th and 8th weeks. @*Results@#Among 118 participants (69 men), 94% (n=111) complained of musculoskeletal pain at baseline. Various hospital activities at baseline were associated with multisite musculoskeletal pain, whereas only a few workloads were correlated with musculoskeletal pain after the rehabilitation program. Follow-up musculoskeletal pain was negatively correlated with equipment/ posture program performance; arm/elbow pain was negatively correlated with elbow (R=–0.307) and wrist (R=–0.205) posture; leg/foot pain was negatively correlated with monitor position, shoulder, elbow, wrist, leg, and foot posture. Higher performance in the scope position (86.8% in the improvement vs 71.3% in the aggravation group, p=0.054) and table height (94.1% vs 79.1%, p=0.054) were associated with pain improvement. An increased number of colonoscopy procedures (6.27 in the aggravation vs 0.02 in the improvement group, p=0.017) was associated with pain aggravation. Most participants reported being average (32%) or satisfied (67%) with the program at the end of the study. @*Conclusions@#Our rehabilitation program is easily applicable, satisfactory, and helpful for improving the musculoskeletal pain experienced by gastrointestinal endoscopists.
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Objective@#To identify factors associated with swallowing recovery in patients with dysphagia after ischemic stroke. @*Methods@#Patients admitted to Kangbuk Samsung Hospital from 2011 to 2019 for first acute ischemic stroke and dysphagia, as confirmed by a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients whose Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) level was ＜6 as determined by VFSS were monitored in a dysphagia clinic and additional VFSS was performed periodically until one year after stroke. Follow-up was discontinued when the DOSS level reached 6 or 7. The main study outcomes were full recovery and tube removal rate. Cox regression analysis was used to identify prognostic factors of dysphagia. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate curves of the proportions of patients that achieved full recovery. @*Results@#One hundred and thirteen patients were enrolled. Multivariate analysis showed that only initial DOSS was significantly associated with swallowing recovery (13.0% for non-oral feeding vs. 35.6 % for a modified diet). @*Conclusion@#Initial swallowing status (as determined by VFSS findings) is strongly associated with swallowing recovery in post-ischemic stroke patients. Assessments of dysphagia are important for predicting dysphagia recovery and planning management strategies.
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Objective@#The use of a high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) might cover the gap between conventional oxygen therapy andmechanical ventilation in the management of acute respiratory failure patients and could be a significant factor in determiningpatient outcomes. Early predictors of HFNC failure may help a clinician decide whether to shift the patient to amechanical ventilator. We aimed at identifying the predictors associated with HFNC failure and the application of amechanical ventilator using arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA). @*Methods@#We retrospectively analyzed patients who were admitted to the emergency room at a single center with respiratorydistress and a PaO2/FiO2 ratio (ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen) of less than300. Comparing keeping and weaning HFNC groups with the escalation group, we sought to identify a few discriminatingfactors. Initial ABGA was done when the patients entered the emergency room and this was followed up within 2 hoursafter HFNC therapy. @*Results@#Two hundred and eighteen patients were enrolled and of these HFNC therapy succeeded in 153 and failed in65. At baseline Glasgow Coma Scale, follow-up (F/U) pH, ΔpH, and F/U respiratory rate-oxygenation index were lowerand pro-brain natriuretic peptide, initial lactate, F/U lactate, ΔPCO2, heart rate, acidosis, consciousness, oxygenation,respiratory rate score, Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation score, Simplified Acute Physiology Score, andSequential Organ Failure Assessment score were significantly higher in the HFNC failure group. The results of the multivariateanalysis indicated that initial lactate (odds ratio [OR], 1.215; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.081-1.366; P=0.001)and ΔpH (OR, 0.000; 95% CI, 0.000-0.018; P<0.001) were independently associated with the prediction of application ofthe mechanical ventilator. @*Conclusion@#Patients who had higher initial lactate levels and insufficiently corrected pH after HFNC therapy may needto be monitored carefully and escalation of oxygen therapy may need to be considered.
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Objective@#The use of a high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) might cover the gap between conventional oxygen therapy andmechanical ventilation in the management of acute respiratory failure patients and could be a significant factor in determiningpatient outcomes. Early predictors of HFNC failure may help a clinician decide whether to shift the patient to amechanical ventilator. We aimed at identifying the predictors associated with HFNC failure and the application of amechanical ventilator using arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA). @*Methods@#We retrospectively analyzed patients who were admitted to the emergency room at a single center with respiratorydistress and a PaO2/FiO2 ratio (ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen) of less than300. Comparing keeping and weaning HFNC groups with the escalation group, we sought to identify a few discriminatingfactors. Initial ABGA was done when the patients entered the emergency room and this was followed up within 2 hoursafter HFNC therapy. @*Results@#Two hundred and eighteen patients were enrolled and of these HFNC therapy succeeded in 153 and failed in65. At baseline Glasgow Coma Scale, follow-up (F/U) pH, ΔpH, and F/U respiratory rate-oxygenation index were lowerand pro-brain natriuretic peptide, initial lactate, F/U lactate, ΔPCO2, heart rate, acidosis, consciousness, oxygenation,respiratory rate score, Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation score, Simplified Acute Physiology Score, andSequential Organ Failure Assessment score were significantly higher in the HFNC failure group. The results of the multivariateanalysis indicated that initial lactate (odds ratio [OR], 1.215; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.081-1.366; P=0.001)and ΔpH (OR, 0.000; 95% CI, 0.000-0.018; P<0.001) were independently associated with the prediction of application ofthe mechanical ventilator. @*Conclusion@#Patients who had higher initial lactate levels and insufficiently corrected pH after HFNC therapy may needto be monitored carefully and escalation of oxygen therapy may need to be considered.
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Objective@#Thickening agents used in dysphagia diets to adjust the viscosity of foods adversely affect the inherent food flavors and colors. Chopped and ground foods have unfamiliar flavors, colors and textures, causing a loss of appetite. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a savory and easy-to-make dysphagia diet without changing the appearance and taste of foods, and evaluate the suitability of the newly developed diet for patients with dysphagia. @*Methods@#Twenty participants aged 55-85 years (8 patients with dysphagia and 12 healthy elderly) were recruited.The diet consisted of fried rice, hamburger steak, and soybean paste soup, where the solid foods were categorized as International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) Level 5 (Minced and Moist), and the liquid foods were categorized as IDDSI Level 2 (Mildly Thick). To develop the dysphagia diet, textural modifications to the ingredients and viscosity adjustments were applied. A sensory evaluation was conducted by the panel to measure the extent of chewing, swallowing, adhesiveness, choking, and overall flavor and preference. @*Results@#No significant differences in textural properties, such as chewing, swallowing, adhesiveness and choking, were observed between the control and patient groups, but the flavor and preferences in the patient group were statistically significant. @*Conclusion@#The modified and newly designed dysphagia foods positively impacted easy swallowing for patients with dysphagia. Therefore, customized dysphagia foods should be considered in terms of flavor-enhancement to provide tailored diets for patients with dysphagia.
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Objective@#To compare the findings of videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) in patients with stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). @*Methods@#Between January 2015 and June 2019, 1245 patients diagnosed with pneumonia underwent VFSS examination. Data were collected through retrospective chart reviews. Depending on the diagnosis, 378 post-stroke patients identified were classified into two groups: 327 non-aspiration pneumonia (non-AP) and 51 aspiration pneumonia (AP). Aspiration pneumonia was diagnosed both clinically and radiologically. VFSS results included 11 items of functional dysphagia scoring (FDS) and 8 points of penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) that analyze the swallowing function by anatomical site. @*Results@#Based on the FDS score, the AP group showed significantly higher values in residue in pyriform sinuses (P= 0.01), as compared to the non-AP group. There was a significant difference in the PAS score between both groups (P＜0.001). @*Conclusion@#Based on the FDS results, AP in SAP is associated with residue in piriform sinuses. VFSS tests therefore have the potential to be clinically applied to predict the occurrence of aspiration pneumonia in stroke patients.
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Background/Aims@#Stress is closely related to the deterioration of digestive disease. Melatonin has potent anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of water stress (WS) and sleep deprivation (SD) on intestinal microbiota and roles of melatonin in stressful condition. @*Methods@#We used C57BL/6 mice and specially designed water bath for stress and SD for 10 days. We measured melatonin concentrations in serum, feces, and colon tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography. Genomic DNA was extracted from feces and amplified using primers targeting V3 to V4 regions of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes. @*Results@#Compared to the control, melatonin concentration was lower in the WS and SD. Fecal concentration was 0.132 pg/mL in control, 0.062 pg/mL in WS, and 0.068 pg/mL in SD. In colon tissue, it was 0.45 pg/mL in control, 0.007 pg/mL in WS, and 0.03 pg/mL in SD. After melatonin treatment, melatonin concentrations in feces and colon tissue were recovered to the level of control. Metagenomic analysis of microbiota showed abundance in colitogenic microbiota in WS and SD. Melatonin injection attenuated this harmful effect. WS and SD showed decreased Lactobacillales and increased Erysipelotrichales and Enterobacteriales. Melatonin treatment increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus and decreased Bacteroides massiliensis and Erysipelotrichaceae. @*Conclusions@#This study showed that stress and SD could affect intestinal dysbiosis and increase colitogenic microbiota, which could contribute to the aggravating digestive disease. Melatonin concentrations in feces and colon tissue decreased under WS and SD. Melatonin treatment brought recovery of melatonin concentration in colon tissue and modulating dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota.
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Background/Aims@#Although the diarrheal disease caused by Campylobacter bacteria has been continuously increasing in Korea, there has been limited study on the clinical aspects of Campylobacter enteritis in adults in Korea. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical features and characteristics of adult patients with Campylobacter enteritis. @*Methods@#This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with Campylobacter enterocolitis at Nowon Eulji University Hopsital between January 2016 and December 2017. Campylobacter enterocolitis was diagnosed through polymerase chain reaction of stools from patients with acute diarrhea. @*Results@#Among 630 hospitalized patients with acute diarrhea, Campylobacter enterocolitis was diagnosed in 88 patients (14.0%). The mean age was 37.9±19.1 years. Campylobacter enterocolitis was most prevalent in the summer (52 patients, 59.1%). Patients exhibited more than 10 times of diarrhea in 36 (40.9%), high fever above 39℃ in 19 (21.59%), and abdominal pain above 5 points on the numeric rating scale in 23 (26.14%) cases. In abdominal CT scan, pancolitis was found in 58 patients (65.9%). Small intestine was involved in 37 patients (42.4%). Mean CRP was 10.14 mg/dL (range 0.72-32.27 mg/dL). The duration of diarrhea after antibiotics treatment was 2.34±1.51 days in the ciprofloxacin treatment group and 2.26±1.71 days in the 3rd cephalosporin treatment group. @*Conclusions@#Campylobacter enterocolitis was common during summer. Commonly healthy young adults were hospitalized due to severe symptoms of Campylobacter enterocolitis. Whole colon and small bowel were frequently involved. Most patients were treated with antibiotics, and the efficacy of 3rd cephalosporin treatment was not inferior to that of ciprofloxacin treatment.
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Background/Aims@#Limited data are available regarding psychosocial distress at the time of diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC). We investigated the psychosocial burden and factors related to poor health-related quality of life (HRQL) among patients newly diagnosed with moderate-to-severe UC who were affiliated with the nationwide prospective cohort study. @*Methods@#Within the first 4 weeks of UC diagnosis, all patients were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ), and 12-Item Short Form (SF-12) health survey. A multiple linear regression model was used to identify factors associated with HRQL. @*Results@#Between August 2014 and February 2017, 355 patients completed questionnaires. Significant mood disorders requiring psychological interventions, defined by a HADS score ≥11, were identified in 16.7% (anxiety) and 20.6% (depression) of patients. Patients with severe disease were more likely to have presenteeism, loss of work productivity, and activity loss than those with moderate disease (all p<0.05). Significant mood disorders had the strongest negative relationship with total IBDQ score, which indicates disease-specific HRQL (β coefficient: –22.1 for depression and –40.0 for anxiety, p<0.001). The scores of all SF-12 dimensions, which indicate general HRQL, were remarkably decreased in the study population compared indirectly with previously reported scores in the general population. The Mayo score, C-reactive protein level, and white blood cell count showed significant negative associations with the IBDQ score (p<0.05). @*Conclusions@#Psychosocial screening and timely interventions should be incorporated into the initial care of patients newly diagnosed with UC.
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Background@#Despite the increasing importance of rehabilitation for critically ill patients, there is little information regarding how rehabilitation therapy is utilized in clinical practice. Our objectives were to evaluate the implementation rate of rehabilitation therapy in the intensive care unit (ICU) survivors and to investigate the effects of rehabilitation therapy on outcomes. @*Methods@#A retrospective nationwide cohort study with including > 18 years of ages admitted to ICU between January 2008 and May 2015 (n = 1,465,776). The analyzed outcomes were readmission to ICU readmission and emergency room (ER) visit. @*Results@#During the study period, 249,918 (17.1%) patients received rehabilitation therapy. The percentage of patients receiving any rehabilitation therapy increased annually from 14% in 2008 to 20% in 2014, and the percentages for each type of therapy also increased over time. The most common type of rehabilitation was physical therapy (91.9%), followed by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (29.6%), occupational (28.6%), respiratory, (11.6%) and swallowing (10.3%) therapies. After adjusting for confounding variables, the risk of 30-day ICU readmission was lower in patients who received rehabilitation therapy than in those who did not (P < 0.001; hazard ratio [HR], 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65–0.75). And, the risk of 30-day ER visit was also lower in patients who received rehabilitation therapy (P < 0.001; HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77–0.88). @*Conclusion@#In this nationwide cohort study in Korea, only 17% of all ICU patients received rehabilitation therapy. However, rehabilitation is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of 30-day ICU readmission and ER visit.
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Background@#Infraorbital nerve dysfunction is commonly reported after zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. We evaluated sensory changes in four designated areas (eyelid, nose, zygoma, and lip) innervated by the infraorbital nerve. This evaluation was conducted using the static two-point discrimination test and the vibration threshold test. We assessed the diagnostic significance of the blink reflex in patients with infraorbital nerve dysfunction. @*Methods@#This study included 18 patients, all of whom complained of some degree of infraorbital nerve dysfunction preoperatively. A visual analog scale, the infraorbital blink reflex, static two-point discrimination, and the vibration threshold were assessed preoperatively, at 1 month postoperatively (T1), and at a final follow-up that took place at least 4 months postoperatively (T4). The results were analyzed using a multilevel generalized linear mixed model. @*Results@#Scores on the visual analog scale significantly improved at T1 and T4. The infraorbital blink reflex significantly improved at T4. Visual analog scale scores improved more rapidly than the infraorbital blink reflex. Two-point discrimination significantly improved in all areas at T4, and the vibration perception threshold significantly improved in the eyelid at T4. @*Conclusions@#Recovery of the infraorbital blink reflex reflected the recovery of infraorbital nerve dysfunction. We also determined that the lip tended to recover later than the other areas innervated by the infraorbital nerve.
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Clay-shoveler’s fractures are rare stress-type avulsion fractures of the spinous processes especially in sports. There have been two case reports that discussed clay-shoveler’s fractures in golf. A 36-year-old beginner golfer presented with a pain in the back after practicing golf swing. No fractures were detected using cervical radiography; however, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed T2∼T3 spinous process fractures. The patient was treated conservatively and his pain subsided. The mechanism of injury is speculated to that of clay-shoveler’s fractures. Therefore, if a golfer suffers persistent pain in the cervicothoracic region, clay-shoveler’s fracture is one possibility to consider.
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Clay-shoveler’s fractures are rare stress-type avulsion fractures of the spinous processes especially in sports. There have been two case reports that discussed clay-shoveler’s fractures in golf. A 36-year-old beginner golfer presented with a pain in the back after practicing golf swing. No fractures were detected using cervical radiography; however, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed T2∼T3 spinous process fractures. The patient was treated conservatively and his pain subsided. The mechanism of injury is speculated to that of clay-shoveler’s fractures. Therefore, if a golfer suffers persistent pain in the cervicothoracic region, clay-shoveler’s fracture is one possibility to consider.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: The numbers of women, young doctors, and foreigners in the medical field have increased continuously. On the other hand, the environment for these minority groups has not improved, particularly in Eastern countries. The authors aimed to increase the awareness of the importance of a Diversity Committee in the Korean Society of Gastroenterology (KSG) by an analysis of a survey.METHODS: From January to February in 2019, a survey was conducted on physicians and a few medical students by googling. The questionnaire consisted of the target doctors of the Diversity Committee, purpose, specific activities, and expected effects of Diversity Committee to the KSG. The participants requested to respond with yes/no or a 5-point scale.RESULTS: A total of 202 participants completed the questionnaire, and 93.5% (189/202) were medical specialists. The proportion of males was 61.9% (125/202), and 39.6% (80/202) and 36.1% (73/202) participants were in their 30s and 40s, respectively. A total of 174 participants (86.1%) agreed with the necessity of a Diversity Committee, and 180 participants (89.1%) answered this committee would help advance the KSG with significant differences between males and females (80.8% vs. 94.8%, p=0.006; 84.8% vs. 96.1%, p=0.011). Similarly, there were significant differences in the responses according to sex in most questions.CONCLUSIONS: Most participants of the survey expected a contribution of the Diversity Committee to the advancement of the KSG. On the other hand, in most of the priorities of the target, purpose, specific activities, and expected effects of the Diversity Committee, there was a difference in the perceptions between males and females. Therefore, continuous efforts are needed to reduce the differences within the KSG.
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Female , Humans , Male , Emigrants and Immigrants , Gastroenterology , Hand , Minority Groups , Specialization , Students, Medical , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose was to investigate the literature on depression among South Korean nurses in order to identify overall trends regarding depression. METHODS: Forty-five papers published between 1998 and 2017 in three Korean databases-RISS4U, DBPIA, and KISS-were analyzed. RESULTS: Depression showed significant positive associations with job stress, burnout, intent to leave, and somatic symptoms such as fatigue and trouble sleeping. Poor work environments such as staff shortage, work overload, and shift work were also positively associated with depression. Higher job satisfaction, resilience, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and social support were negatively correlated with and acted as significant buffers against depression. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that healthcare policymakers must pay more attention to the management and prevention of nurses' depression. In order to effectively do so, poor work conditions, which involve long working hours, high patient-to-nurse ratios, and extreme workloads, should be improved. Simultaneously, nursing managers should implement initiatives such as counseling and competency improvement programs, and stress management to reduce and prevent depression among nurses and strengthen their positive competency. Also, further research is required to clarify the prevalence of depression in South Korean nurses, with more meta-analyses also required to identify variations in depression rates owing to various factors.
Subject(s)
Buffers , Counseling , Delivery of Health Care , Depression , Fatigue , Job Satisfaction , Nursing , PrevalenceABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The numbers of women, young doctors, and foreigners in the medical field have increased continuously. On the other hand, the environment for these minority groups has not improved, particularly in Eastern countries. The authors aimed to increase the awareness of the importance of a Diversity Committee in the Korean Society of Gastroenterology (KSG) by an analysis of a survey. METHODS: From January to February in 2019, a survey was conducted on physicians and a few medical students by googling. The questionnaire consisted of the target doctors of the Diversity Committee, purpose, specific activities, and expected effects of Diversity Committee to the KSG. The participants requested to respond with yes/no or a 5-point scale. RESULTS: A total of 202 participants completed the questionnaire, and 93.5% (189/202) were medical specialists. The proportion of males was 61.9% (125/202), and 39.6% (80/202) and 36.1% (73/202) participants were in their 30s and 40s, respectively. A total of 174 participants (86.1%) agreed with the necessity of a Diversity Committee, and 180 participants (89.1%) answered this committee would help advance the KSG with significant differences between males and females (80.8% vs. 94.8%, p=0.006; 84.8% vs. 96.1%, p=0.011). Similarly, there were significant differences in the responses according to sex in most questions. CONCLUSIONS: Most participants of the survey expected a contribution of the Diversity Committee to the advancement of the KSG. On the other hand, in most of the priorities of the target, purpose, specific activities, and expected effects of the Diversity Committee, there was a difference in the perceptions between males and females. Therefore, continuous efforts are needed to reduce the differences within the KSG.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Emigrants and Immigrants , Gastroenterology , Hand , Minority Groups , Specialization , Students, Medical , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
PURPOSE@#The purpose was to investigate the literature on depression among South Korean nurses in order to identify overall trends regarding depression.@*METHODS@#Forty-five papers published between 1998 and 2017 in three Korean databases-RISS4U, DBPIA, and KISS-were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Depression showed significant positive associations with job stress, burnout, intent to leave, and somatic symptoms such as fatigue and trouble sleeping. Poor work environments such as staff shortage, work overload, and shift work were also positively associated with depression. Higher job satisfaction, resilience, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and social support were negatively correlated with and acted as significant buffers against depression.@*CONCLUSION@#These results indicate that healthcare policymakers must pay more attention to the management and prevention of nurses' depression. In order to effectively do so, poor work conditions, which involve long working hours, high patient-to-nurse ratios, and extreme workloads, should be improved. Simultaneously, nursing managers should implement initiatives such as counseling and competency improvement programs, and stress management to reduce and prevent depression among nurses and strengthen their positive competency. Also, further research is required to clarify the prevalence of depression in South Korean nurses, with more meta-analyses also required to identify variations in depression rates owing to various factors.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Syndecan-2 (SDC2) methylation was previously reported as a sensitive serologic biomarker for the early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether SDC2 methylation is detectable in precancerous lesions and to determine the feasibility of using SDC2 methylation for the detection of CRC and precancerous lesions in bowel lavage fluid (BLF). METHODS: A total of 190 BLF samples were collected from the rectum at the beginning of colonoscopy from patients with colorectal neoplasm and healthy normal individuals. Fourteen polypectomy specimens were obtained during colonoscopy. A bisulfite pyrosequencing assay and quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction were conducted to measure SDC2 methylation in tissues and BLF DNA. RESULTS: SDC2 methylation was positive in 100% of villous adenoma (VA) and high-grade dysplasia, and hyperplastic polyp samples; 88.9% of tubular adenoma samples; and 0% of normal mucosa samples. In the BLF DNA test forSDC2 methylation, the sensitivity for detecting CRC and VA was 80.0% and 64.7%, respectively, at a specificity of 88.9%. The BLF of patients with multiple tubular adenomas, single tubular adenoma and hyperplastic polyps showed 62.8%, 26.7% and 28.6% rates of methylation-positive SDC2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that SDC2 methylation was a frequent event in precancerous lesions and showed high potential in BLF for detecting patients with colorectal neoplasm.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adenoma , Adenoma, Villous , Colonoscopy , Colorectal Neoplasms , DNA , Feces , Methylation , Mucous Membrane , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polyps , Rectum , Sensitivity and Specificity , Syndecan-2 , Therapeutic IrrigationABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to review the quantitative research literature on measuring caring in order to identify overall trends in measuring caring. METHODS: Fifty three papers were selected from four databases including RISS4U, DBpia, KISS, and Korea Med. RESULTS: The number of measuring caring papers has increased since 2000. Approximately 60 % of the total papers were descriptive and correlative design researches with convenience sampling. Jean Waston's theory was the most popular conceptual framework, but much of the research tended to be conducted without any conceptual framework. In that kind of research, ‘caring’ terms were used without definition. The most frequently used term for the concept of caring was nurses' caring behaviors. Also, ‘nurses’ was one of the most popular subjects. Thirty six measuring caring instruments were used. Twenty were developed in foreign countries and translated into Korean. The others were developed originally in Korean. Interpersonal Caring Technique - Communication Skills Scale, based on the interpersonal process model, was the most frequently used tool. Among the translated instruments, Coates' Caring Efficacy Scale was the most popular. Some instruments were used without validation. CONCLUSION: These results provide basic data on measuring caring and indicate directions for further research. In particular, validation studies of measuring caring instruments are needed.
Subject(s)
Korea , Nursing Care , Nursing Research , NursingABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity of the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) and general movements (GMs) assessment for predicting Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) score at 12 months in preterm infants. METHODS: A total of 44 preterm infants who underwent the GMs and TIMP at 1 month and 3 months of corrected age (CA) and whose motor performance was evaluated using AIMS at 12 months CA were included. GMs were judged as abnormal on basis of poor repertoire or cramped-synchronized movements at 1 month CA and abnormal or absent fidgety movement at 3 months CA. TIMP and AIMS scores were categorized as normal (average and low average and >5th percentile, respectively) or abnormal (below average and far below average or < 5th percentile, respectively). Correlations between GMs and TIMP scores at 1 month and 3 months CA and the AIMS classification at 12 months CA were examined. RESULTS: The TIMP score at 3 months CA and GMs at 1 month and 3 months CA were significantly correlated with the motor performance at 12 months CA. However, the TIMP score at 1 month CA did not correlate with the AIMS classification at 12 months CA. For infants with normal GMs at 3 months CA, the TIMP score at 3 months CA correlated significantly with the AIMS classification at 12 months CA. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that neuromotor assessment using GMs and TIMP could be useful to identify preterm infants who are likely to benefit from intervention.